Fig. 3

A, B Top abundant A fungal and B bacterial ASVs across all sample groups. Those ASVs with highest average relative read abundance within sample groups were selected. For fungi and bacteria, these ASVs accounted for > 7% and within 1.0–2.5% of the total read abundance, respectively. C, D Heatmaps of the core C fungal and D bacterial ASVs. E, F ASV richness within E fungal and F bacterial phyla. Only phyla with significant differences among snow covered and snow-free soils were illustrated; for bacteria, only phyla with ASV richness > 10 ASVs were displayed