Fig. 4

Beta diversity of the fungal communities. a Venn-diagram showing the shared ASV numbers of the fungal communities. b Principal component analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis distance including ellipse of 95% confidence interval. Distance to centroid of PCoA representing intra-host variance of the fungal communities (mean ± SEM, ^**p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05, ns not significant). c Intra- and inter-host dissimilarity based on Bray–Curtis distance (mean ± SEM, ^****p < 0.001, ^*p < 0.05, ns not significant). d Hierarchical heatmap based on the Bray–Curtis distance of the fungal communities’ 100 most abundant ASVs