Fig. 3

Phylogenetic analysis and metabolic reconstruction of 58 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) within the Bacteroidota and Firmicutes phyla. A Maximum-likelihood genome phylogeny of the 35 retrieved MAGs and 39 reference genomes within Bacteroidota based on a group of 120 conserved genes. Different colors in the outer ring indicate different taxonomic orders of Bacteroidota. MAGs obtained in this study are indicated by red asterisks, and their incubation time are indicated in parentheses after bin names. B Maximum-likelihood genome phylogeny of 23 MAGs and 38 reference genomes within Firmicutes. Different colors in the outer ring indicate different taxonomic classes of Firmicutes. MAGs obtained in this study are indicated by purple circles. C Heatmap reveals the presence or absence of genes or pathways (indicated on the right) related to polysaccharide degradation or metabolite production in the MAGs (indicated at the bottom). The presence of a gene or pathway is denoted by a colored box (Bacteroidota in yellow, Firmicutes in blue), and black boxes denote the absence of a corresponding gene or pathway in that MAG. At least 60% of the genes in a pathway are required to be present for that pathway to be present. The functional categories (indicated on the left-hand side) include long polymer degradation, sugar utilization, EMP pathway, PPP, intermediate product production and energy generation. MAGs are phylogenetically clustered (shown by different color at the top including: Bacteroidales in red; Ignavibacteriales in purple; Chitinophagales in orange; Candidatus Kapabacteria in pink; Clostridia in green; Desulfitobacteriia in blue; Bacilli in cyan). Abbreviations: BP, bisphosphate; BPG, bisphosphoglycerate; G-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; P, phosphate; PG, phosphoglycerate; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Rnf, Ferredoxin:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase; Ech, ech-type hydrogenase